European Art

European Art
What are some of the more detailed differences between the Czech Republic and other European countries in art?

and what are 3 or more unique art forms that exist in the czech culture?

The three distinctive differences between the Czech republic and other European countires: Czech cubism, Orphism, and 1940s.

Czech cubism
It represents a pinnacle in architecture and applied art, which has never been achieved elsewhere.

The fact that Emil Filla and Bohumil Kubišta are among the most robust figures of Czech cubism brooks no argument. Filla’s work even contains a strong reflection on both military conflicts. He had his own experience in the Buchenwald concentration camp, which affected him deeply. He produced what is perhaps his best cubist Still Life during his stay in Holland in the years 1914-18, where Dutch painting of the 17th century made a big impression on him.

Bohumil Kubišta was a passionate defender of Modern Art and a critic of the old styles. He built on his deep knowledge of optics and the physiology of vision, which he then applied to elaborate canvas compositions.

Antonín Procházka made the beauty and poetry of everyday things apparent. His distinctive work is based on a feeling for beautiful painting material. He used old techniques of painting with the aid of hot wax (encaustic) to express himself.

The essence of Josef Čapek’s personality (1887-1945) consisted of deep social feeling and humanism. It was because of his opinions and political activity that he was arrested by the Nazis in 1939 and deported to a concentration camp.

Otto Gutfreund (1889-1927) occupied a privileged position in cubist sculpture. His statues correspond to parallel trends in painting. His polychrome sculptures, which had no parallel in world sculpture at that time, bear witness to the difficulty of man, civilization and work.

Enigmatic orphism
František Kupka (1871-1957) began with geometrical abstraction. His concept is called orphism. It expresses a musical rhythm through the motion of a colored line or the dynamic gradation of colored areas.

Besides this world-renowned figure, several other Czech painters devoted themselves to Abstract Painting in this period, e.g. Vojtěch Preissig (1873-1944) and František Foltýn (1891-1976).

Three important groups of artists gradually formed who brought artistic life to the new great themes of civilization. Skupina 42 - "Group 42" (František Gross, Kamil Lhoták, Jan Kotík) endeavored to depict the role of the individual in modern civilization, which changes man into a mere machine and steals his distinctive individuality. An all-embracing vision of destruction was encoded into the program of the Skupina Ra - "Ra Group." Its work was most intertwined with the imaginative line of Czech pre-war art, e.g. Václav Tikal, Bohdan Lacina and Josef Istler.

The Sedm v říjnu (Seven in October) group appeared with the “aesthetic of the naked person” and included artists such as Václav Hejna, Josef Liesler and František Jirousek.

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Native North American Art And The Art Of Mesoamerica

All over the world, diverse cultures embrace diverse cultural art. Hence the relationship between two exotic cultures brings about artistic influence across the cultural Diasporas. For instance, think of North American art and the Meso- American art. The dimension of northern American art is build around it natural beauty that is contemporary in its political, architectural and economic austerity as compared to the Mesoamerican art that is not as diverse as the northern one. Therefore it can be allured that the Mesoamerican art has heavily borrowed from north in terms of design, plan and execution and application of various cultural traits. Hence, as Mesoamerican archaeological research over the past one hundred years has chiefly concentrated on post-Formative developments in the Central Highlands and the Mayan area. Both Archaeology in Mesoamerica and Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico are important, therefore, because they bring recent studies that lie outside the primary interests of many Mesoamericanists. Unquestionably, Olmec studies have established greater prominence, which is obvious in research efforts better prepared to tackle questions of customs process. In disparity, research in West and Northwest Mexico is still principally leaning toward hunting for cardinal data and pushing out native ethnic histories.

However, Mesoamerican art is scant compared to the northern art attention to modern commercial, farming, industrial, and urban cultures of the region. Ethnographers generously include these other orphaned cultures in the larger culture called "Middle America" to distinguish it from the core Mesoamerican zone. Middle America includes all the cultures south of the United States to the borders of Columbia. Mesoamerican native people categorize with their village more than the ancestral group, because, after the Conquest, the superior society did not respect their Indian identity and they moved inward to the parish to steer clear of contact with a rapacious colonial system. Neither do linguistic classifications necessarily reflect a modern sense of unity among the speakers. Today a new Indian perception is steadily budding. Groups of community are assembling to stand for their interests to authorities that are poignant toward greater egalitarianism. In contrast, the north American art though more rich in architectural design, the only accepted or established relationship between the two is only visible through some shared religious and linguistic trends that have been carried along by the Mesoamericans’, this can also attributed to the fact that meso American art relied heavily on borrowing from nature while northern art is credited with abstract concept in artistic arena. The northern art flourished in early c. 1500 to late c. 300 bc in the humid lowlands on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Hence some area has been noted to harbor ceremonial centres which enclose sacred architecture that is difficult to understand. The Spanish met the great Native American civilizations in Meso-America and the Andes. There were many other Native American cultures in North America. These tribes were mostly nomadic hunter gatherers, but some carried out agriculture to varying degrees. Native Americans, in part because of the savage treatment by white Americans as well as the contact to European art, culture and tradition now comprise only a small part of the American mosaic. It is a rich, colorful tradition, no matter how small. Therefore the profound relationship between the two arts is dictated by modern commercial elements that have also absorbed the diverse artistic elements in architecture and textile industry into more advanced status

Alexis de Tocqueville, the nineteenth-century French author of Democracy in America, pioneered the fundamentals for many neo critics of commercialism. Tocqueville is not typically considered an artistic thinker, but in fact his book is permeated with a deep and original economics of culture; he explores the most serious nineteenth-century attempt to revise Adam Smith.

He sought, for instance, to negate the Scottish Enlightenment aphorism that and swell in the size of the market leads to more miscellany. For Tocqueville, artistic and market expansion serves as an inducement, pulling creators towards mass production and away from serving niches. For this reason, Tocqueville portrayed America as producing a culture of the least common denominator, in contrast to the sophistication of European aristocracy (Nora,2001).  Thus in relation to northern art and architecture which is employed and is visible in almost all major cities of northern America, it can be presumed that though Mesoamerican art had an upper hand in real development, the transfer of artistic technology seems to have favored their northern counter parts whose works permeated all spheres of modern America. More so this disparity of cumulated to commercialized art that have become the prerogative of northerners almost virtually killing the cultural art associated with Mesoamerican artist. Therefore, in principal, the major relationships are just but superficial.

All in all one predominant concept that has taken the centre stage is development of or rather the relationship between conventional art and textile. Textiles reveals a great transaction about the past, daily life, aesthetics, milieu, and knowledge of people all over the world. Used to make clothing, frills, and household goods, textiles differ in intricacy: from plain and utilitarian, to ornamental and official. The cryptogram and designs in textiles are integral cultural symbols of identity, class, and affluence for makers, consumers, and observers equally. By looking at the history of Mesoamerican art, textile played a key role in that, it’s one of the key elements despite any artistic prowess that’s highly borrowed, thus due to the origin of their cultural diversity and background, it was equally exalted in the same way as ornamental architecture(Alice,1999).

The remains studied all through Meso-America and the Peruvian Andes stand in acknowledgment to those achievements’. Achievements in textile art, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, agriculture, and writing, are impressive. Surely one of the most significant accomplishments of any society over time was the textile and architecture which defined the supremacy of the concerned society. These two undertakings changed America more than any other technical accomplishment making feasible a populace flare-up. For instance, Europeans were so amazed by the technological achievements, especially the monumental architecture of Native Americans, that a long series of popular authors have ascribed these achievements. On the hand the artistic harvest of North American prehistory is possibly the slightest well known. This is partially due to the fact that, early inhabitants left hardly any impressive architectural remains as related with their Latin American cousins. This does not mean architectural monuments were not real. Spanish historians indicate that enormous temple mounds were utilized at the time of the first European ingress, in the mid-16th century. However, most of these structures were of unpreserved timber and have long ever since vanished—as have most examples of the immense use of color and the marvelous anthology of textiles. In conclusion, both North American and Mesoamerican flourished as a result of religion; it is on that note that most immense artistic skills were employed in order to deliver the best as to appease the many god worshipped by both cultures. Hence, the development and building of mega articulate shrines with exotic artistic designs and ornament grew. Religious activity revolved around temples, hermitages, and shrines in inner-city areas and caves, rivers, rocky promontories, mountaintops (James, 2000) and this highly contributed to the art development.